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Survaya

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Author: Laxman Burdak IFS (R)
Survaya ki Garhi (Archaeological Site) 10th century

Survaya (सुरवाया) is an ancient village in Shivpuri tahsil of district Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh. Its ancient name was Sarasvatipattana. It is an Archaeological Site of Surwaya Ki Garhi - Ancient ruins in an out-of-the-way locale featuring ornate stone carvings & a temple.

Variants

Location

Survaya is located on Shivpuri to Jhansi Road. It is located 22 km towards east from District head quarters Shivpuri. Survaya Pin code is 473551. Survaya is a Village in Shivpuri Tehsil in Shivpuri District of Madhya Pradesh State, India. It belongs to Gwalior Division . Survaya Pin code is 473551 and postal head office is Shivpuri. Survaya is surrounded by Kolaras Tehsil towards South , Pohri Tehsil towards west , Narwar Tehsil towards East , Pichhore Tehsil towards East.

Visit by Author

Author (Laxman Burdak) visited it on 20.09.1983, 15.12.1983, 18.12.1983, 25.01.1984, 30.01.1984, 19.03.1997, 28.01.1998, 07.04.1998, 20.05.1999.

Jat Gotras Namesake

History

Surwaya Ki Garhi

Surwaya Ki Garhi - Ancient ruins in an out-of-the-way locale featuring ornate stone carvings & a temple. Survaya Garhi is about 22 kms from main Shivpuri Town on Jhansi Road and lies in between Survaya Village. From outside the place looks like a fortress. The place has 3 temples and a huge Auditorium. It is said that this place was a boarding school and was also used by saints for meditation. The Auditorium is a double story complex with an underground water source. Two temples now do not have and deity or idol in it, but one temple still has Shivlingam in it. The architecture in the temples is very beautiful. But the temple is complete ruined.[1]


Survaya ki Garhi is known for an ancient Lord Shiva temple and a water source. There is also an auditorium made of stone at this site that lies on the main Shivpuri-Jhansi Road. According to a stone pillar of 1357, Narwar’s Rajpal Jajpal Naresh Navbarman, Kadam Guhadhipati Purander built Saraswati temple by order of Ujjain’s ruler Raja Anantavarman by end of 13th century. The temple was built for education and research of Shaiva saints. There are buildings, bathrooms and sabhagar made of stones for Shaiva math, math’s president and students for studies.[2]

  • Surwaya Ki Garhi
    Surwaya Ki Garhi
  • Surwaya Ki Garhi
    Surwaya Ki Garhi
  • Surwaya Ki Garhi
    Surwaya Ki Garhi

Surwaya – A Monastery Fortified

Surwaya – A Monastery Fortified

Source - https://puratattva.in/surwaya-a-monastery-fortified/

Surwaya is a small town in the Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh. It was an important center of the Mattamayura Shaiva sect and a monastery named Shankhamatha was established in the town during the eighth century CE. The Mattamayura sect was founded by Kadambaguhadhivasi at Kadwaya. His successor, Shankhadhipati, presided over Shankhamatha at Surwaya.[3] While Kadwaya (ancient Kadambaguha) continued to be the main center of the Mattamayura sect but many branches of it soon came up at various locations, near and far, i.e. Surwaya, Terahi, Mahua, Ranod, Chandrehe, Gurgi, etc.

Apart from central India, the branches also spread to Gujarat, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamilnadu. Misra mentions their widespread presence and particularly their tenacity in incorporating within their scope both religious and political power gave a significant meaning to their patronage and allowed a major push into art activities. One observes here a phenomenon in which patronage was appropriated, serialized, distributed, and redistributed strengthening the ruler-pontiff ties.[4] He further tells militancy, among other things, seems to have been an essential ingredient of the existence of these mathas and pontiffs, as they helped out the State in their time of need.[5] Likewise, Surwaya would have gained prominence and prosperity under the patronage of Shankhamatha and soon became a town (or pattana) as evident from a thirteenth-century CE inscription where the town is named Sarasvatipattana.

Alexander Cunningham mentions the town in connection with an inscription however it appears he did not visit the town.[6] The antiquities of the town were first reported by D R Bhandarkar, who visited in August 1915 at the behest of the then Maharaja of Gwalior as the latter wished to make the site attractive to visitors. The remains consisted of a monastery, two temples, and one mosque. Bhandarkar submitted a report for the conservation of these remains and the same was taken up by March 1916 under the guidance of M B Garde.[7] During this conservation exercise, a later period two-story structure built over the monastery was removed.[8] Further explorations at the site exposed an additional temple, taking the count to three, and a stepped well.[9] On the same plans of making Surwaya attractive to tourists, Garde published a guidebook in 1918.[10] No dedicated study has been attempted on Surwaya for a long time, though it has been featured in various studies centered upon the architecture and temples of the Gwalior region and the same under the Kachchhapaghata dynasty.

Monuments at Surwaya

Surwaya Matha
Surwaya Temple-1
Surwaya Temple-2
Surwaya Temple-3

Source - https://puratattva.in/surwaya-a-monastery-fortified/

All the monuments of interest in the town are situated within a fortress, locally known as garhi. There are three temples and a monastery inside this fortress. All these monuments, except the fortifications, etc., are generally dated to the tenth century CE.

Matha (monastery) – This matha is situated in the northwest corner of the fortress complex. It is a robust structure built of well-dressed stones laid without any mortar. There are two entrances, one from the west and another from the north. These entrances open into a quadrangle courtyard surrounded by a pillared corridor supported by twelve pillars. At the backside of the corridor, on its lateral sides, are provided chambers of different sizes, small and large. The doorframes of these rooms and chambers are ornamented with foliage designs on their jambs and an image of some deity, mostly Ganesha, present on the center of their lintels. Horse heads are used as pegs near the extensions of these lintels. Windows are carved into the walls, and constructed in railing designs to allow sunlight inside.

At some point in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries the matha was transformed into a small fortress and a mosque was added in the vicinity of the matha.[11] The present matha may be identified with the Shankha-matha mentioned in the Ranod inscription.[12] This appears a reasonable assessment as no other remains have been found at Surwaya. With further expansions and the growing popularity and importance of the matha, the village of Surwaya would have grown into a township (pattana) as it is referred to in a thirteenth-century epigraph.

Temple No 1 – This west-facing temple is composed of a mukha-mandapa, a narrow antarala, and a garbha-grha. The vimana is of pancharatha style. The vedibandha is composed of usual mouldings. The jangha carries niches on its rathas. The bhadra ratha has a single large projecting niche topped with a udgama pediment. The karna ratha also has a single niche carrying images of ashta-dikpalas. The partiratha has two niches, the larger niche has apsaras and vyalas while the lower niche has various deities. The recess portion is also carved in the same manner as that of the pratiratha. The mukha-mandapa is supported by two pillars and two pilasters. It has a highly ornamented ceiling in the shape of a flower. The shikhara of the temple has not survived.

The antarala doorway is composed of five shakhas (bands) and is lavishly carved with images. At the base of the jambs are the river goddesses, Ganga and Yamuna, accompanied by Shaiva dvarapalas. A large image of Vishnu riding over Garuda adorns the center of the lintel as lalata-bimba. At the terminals of the lintel is Brahma on the left and on the right would have been Shiva, the image is now fully chipped off. The recessed space between these three is filled with nava-grhas distributed in two spaces. The sur-lintel has Shiva as Natesha in the middle, Ganesha and his consort (Vighneshvari)[13] on his right, and Vishnu with Lakshmi in his left recess space. The left terminal at the sur-lintel has an image of Sarasvati while the right terminal has an image of Kartikeya. The architrave above the sur-lintel has Sapta-matrikas accompanied by Shiva-Vinadhara and Ganesha. Though there is a large image of Vishnu at the lalata-bimba however the presence of Shaiva dvarapalas, as well as a Shaiva matha in the vicinity, suggests that the temple was dedicated to Shiva.

The external facade of the temple is much disturbed on its northeast and southeast side. All the bhadra niches that have survived are devoid of images. An image of Mahishasuramardini is present in the kapili niche in the north. A few dikpalas have survived over the karna niche.

Temple No 2 – This east-facing temple has a mukha-mandapa supported on two pillars and two back pilasters, a narrow antarala, and a garbha-grha. The antarala doorway is composed of five shakhas (bands). At the base of the jambs are the river goddesses, Ganga and Yamuna, accompanied by a large female figure and a Shaiva dvarapala. The doorway lintel has two registers. Vishnu riding over Garuda is placed over the lalata-bimba that spans across both the registers of the lintel. The terminal niches also span across both registers. At the left terminal is Brahma with Brahmani and at the right terminal is Shiva with Parvati. The lower register of the lintel has standing nava-grahas distributed on either side of Vishnu. The upper register has dancing Sapta-matrikas accompanied by Shiva-Vindhara and Ganesha.

Temple No 3 – Only the garbha-grha with its external facade has survived but the temple has lost many of its decorations. The temple faces east and was built in pancharatha style. In its sculptural arrangement, it follows the patterns as seen in Temple 1 and 2 above, with single niches over bhadra and karna and double niches over pratiratha. Karna niches were adorned with astha-dikpalas, but only a few have survived. The bhadra niches are empty at present. The kapili niche in the south has an image of Ganesha. Apsaras and vyalas are arranged within the recesses.

Baodi (well) – There is a well inside this fortress. An image of Vishnu in Anantasayana mudra is carved on the back wall of this well.

Inscriptions

Surwaya Inscription of the time of Ganapati, now in the Gujari Mahal Museum, Gwalior
Surwaya Inscription of the time of Ganapati, now in the Gujari Mahal Museum, Gwalior

Source - https://puratattva.in/surwaya-a-monastery-fortified/

1. Surwaya stone inscription of the time of Gopaladeva[14] – the inscription slab was found inside a ruined well, 3 miles NW of the fortress, by M B Garde in 1918, it was later moved to the Gujari Mahal Museum, Gwalior – dated in the year 1341 of the Vikrama Era, equivalent to 1285 CE – written in the Nagari characters, language Sanskrit – there is no name of any king or dynasty, on the basis of the date mentioned in the record Mirashi takes the inscription would have been engraved during the period of the Yajvapala Gopaladeva – the object of the inscription is to record the excavation of a stepped well (vapi) by a person named Ishvara. The inscription opens with an invocation to Shiva under Sarva. It then mentions the origin of the Sarasvata Brahmanas stating river Sarasvati married sage Dadhichi, while the latter was doing penance at her banks, and a son was born to them and named Sarasvata. Sarasvata pleased Indra with his penance during a drought period and obtained rains from him. His lineage flourished at Sarasvati-pattana and Bhadreshvara was born in this lineage. He was the crest jewel of the Dikshitas and worshipped Vishnu. From him was born Ashadhara and from the latter Hrishikesha. Lahuvada was his wife and Ralha was his daughter. Ralha gave birth to three sons, Samadhara, Nayaka, and Ghudaddeva. Ghudaddeva married Devasiri, the daughter of Bharahapala. Their sons were Ratnakara, Soma, Ishvara, Silana and Rudra.

The inscription further mentions that Ishvara excavated a well. This inscription was composed by Somamishra, the brother of Ishvara, and written by Gangadeva, the son of Brahmana Mane who belonged to the Gauda lineage.

2. Surwaya stone inscription of Ganapati[15] – the inscription was recovered from a tank and was also mentioned by Cunningham – it is dated in the Vikrama Samvat 1348, equivalent to 1291 CE – written in 33 lines, in the Nagari characters and Sanskrit language – it mentions the construction of a tank (vapika) by thakkur Vamana in the time of Ganapati, son of Gopala. It praises the city of Mathura from whence the kayasthas originated and Vamana belonged to that family.

The inscription was composed by Somamishra, son of Somadhara, written by Maharaja, son of Somaraja, and incised by Devasimha, son of Madhava.

3. Surwaya stone inscription of the time of Ganapati[16] – the inscription was found inside a ruined well at Surwaya, it is now in the Gujari Mahal Museum, Gwalior – dated in the year 1350 of the Vikrama Era, equivalent to 1293 CE – written in 22 lines in the Nagari characters, language Sanskrit – The inscription starts with the customary obeisance to Shiva. It then invokes the blessings of the three deities, Sambhu, who adorns the crescent moon on his forehead, the goddess Maharunda who was the family deity of the Yajvapala royal house, and the goddess Sarasvati.

It then describes the pedigree of ranaka Chachigadeva, servant of Ganapati and adopted son of Gopala, the latter is identified with the Yajvapala king Gopaladeva ruling from Narwar. Chachigadeva was a learned Kshatriya and belonged to the Lubdhaka family. He performed pilgrimage at Kedara, Somesha (Someshvara at Gujarat), Prayaga, and Gangas. He performed obsequies for the manes of Gaya and paid his debt to Gopaladeva by his noble deeds at the tirthas and on the battlefields. In a desire to increase his spiritual merit, Chachigadeva excavated a stepped well and constructed a garden around it. This inscription was composed by Jayasimha, son of Lohata, belonging to the Mathura clan of Kayasthas.

4. On a slab from the ruined temples[17] – written in Nagari characters and local dialect – damaged and fragmentary – dated in the Vikarama Samvat 1733, equivalent to 1675 CE

5. On a slab from the ruined temples[18] – written in Nagari characters and local dialect – damaged and fragmentary – dated in the Vikarama Samvat 1772, equivalent to 1714 CE

6. On a broken slab from a temple[19] – written in Nagari characters and local dialect – damaged and fragmentary – not dated but of late period characters

सुरवाया गढ़ी

सुरवाया गढ़ी झांसी-शिवपुरी मार्ग पर 25 किलोमीटर दूर सुरवाया गांव के पास एक ऐतिहाासिक गढ़ी है । इसका निर्माण सहस्त्रवर्धन के गुरु पुरंदर ने शिव मत की शिक्षा देने के लिए 9-10 शताब्दी में कराया गया था। भारत पर मुगलों के अक्रमण के समय इसे बचाने के लिए मिटटी से ढक दिया गया था। 1916 में माधव राव प्रथम ने 16000 रुपए खर्च कर इसका जीर्णाेद्धार कराया था । पहली बार इस गढ़ी का दृश्य ड्राेन कैमरे से लिया गया है।[20]

सुरवाया की गढ़ी- एक अनुपम सौंदर्य

Source - Collector Shivpuri's post, 21.5.2024

शिवपुरी से 22 किमी दूर सुरवाया की ऐतिहासिक गढ़ी स्थित है। इसे पहले सरस्वतीपट्टम के नाम से जाना जाता था। इसका निर्माण राजा अवन्तिवर्मन के गुरु पुरंदर ने शैव मत की शिक्षा देने के लिए 9-10 शताब्दी में कराया था। यह प्राचीन मठ है, जिसे सरस्वती मंदिर भी माना जाता है। विशाल प्राचीरों से घिरे इस मठ में विशाल शिलाखंड से निर्मित कक्ष है जिसका उपयोग आचार्यों, विद्यार्थियों के आवास एवं अध्ययन के लिए किया जाता था। इस गढ़ी की दीवारों पर अंकित नक्काशी और कारीगरी हिन्दू स्थापत्य कला का बेहतरीन प्रस्तुति है।

सुरवाया की गढ़ी एक प्राचीन किला है। यह स्थल क्षेत्र के ऐतिहासिक महत्व को दर्शाता है और अक्सर बीते युगों के वास्तुशिल्प चमत्कारों के लिए जाना जाता है। गढ़ी (किला) जटिल नक्काशी और पत्थर की कारीगरी को प्रदर्शित करता है, जो उस समय प्रचलित कुशल शिल्प कौशल का संकेत है। यह हरे-भरे जंगलों की पृष्ठभूमि से घिरा हुआ है, जो क्षेत्र के शांत माहौल में योगदान देता है। वहां के खंडहर इसके पूर्व गौरव की बात करते हैं और भारत की समृद्ध विरासत की झलक दिखाते हैं। यह मध्य भारत की सांस्कृतिक और ऐतिहासिक कथाओं के प्रमाण के रूप में कार्य करता है। यहाँ भव्य वास्तुकला पैटर्न है, जहां मूर्तियों में संगीत, नृत्य और देवी-देवताओं का विषय दिखाई देता है। यहां के मंदिरों पर उत्कृष्ट मूर्तियां और नक्काशी लुभावनी हैं। दीवार के स्तंभ पर भगवान गणेश की मूर्ति चित्रित है।मंदिरों में कई पत्थर की नक्काशीदार मूर्तियों में से एक विशेष रूप से आकर्षक मूर्ति अपने वाहन गरुड़ पर सवार भगवान विष्णु की है। यहां की छत पर फूलों की नक्काशी की गई है। यहाँ के खंभे पत्थर की नक्काशीदार मूर्तियों की सबसे सुंदर वास्तुकला के साथ खड़े हैं।

मंदिरों का समूह 10वीं-11वीं शताब्दी के काल का है। इसके अंदर, मंदिर और मठ किले के एक समूह की मेजबानी करते हैं। यहां एक और मूर्ति विष्णु मूर्ति और नंदी मूर्ति के साथ भगवान शिव की है। मंदिर स्वयं अपनी असंख्य मूर्तियों, पौराणिक कथाओं के चित्रण के लिए जाने जाते हैं। यह मंदिर वास्तव में भगवान शिव को समर्पित है, और इसका मुख पश्चिम की ओर है।

मंदिर की कला और वास्तुकला शानदार है। गढ़ी वास्तव में एक सभागार है जो पूरी तरह से पत्थर से बना है। नृत्य गायन और संगीत की गूँज अभी भी सभागार में गूंज रही है।सुरवाया गढ़ी वास्तुशिल्प प्रतिभा और सांस्कृतिक समृद्धि के भंडार से कम नहीं है। यह मप्र में विरासत का एक छिपा हुआ गहना है

किंवदंती

शिवपुरी-झांसी फोरलेन पर शिवपुरी से 22 किमी. दूर सुरवाया की गढ़ी स्थित है। यह काफी प्राचीन है और इसमें मंदिर भी हैं। ऐसी किंवदंती हैं कि जब पांडव कौरवों से जुए में अपना राजपाठ हार गए थे और उन्हें अज्ञातवास दिया गया था। उस दौरान वे इस इलाके में रहे थे। यहां एक विशालकाय चक्की भी है जिसे भीम की चक्की कहा जाता है। मान्यता है कि इसे भीम चलाया करते यही भी कहा जाता है कि पांडवों ने शिवपुरी में बाणगंगा और बैराड़ में कीचक की मढ़ी में अपना अज्ञातवास काटा था।[21]

सरस्वतीपत्तन

सरस्वतीपत्तन (AS, p.942): ग्वालियर ज़िला (वर्तमान शिवपुरी) , मध्य प्रदेश का एक ऐतिहासिक स्थान है। यह शिवपुरी के निकट वनप्रांतर में स्थित है। सुरवाया नामक ग्राम के निकट गढ़ी में पूर्वकाल में किसी धार्मिक सम्प्रदाय के साधुओं का निवास स्थान था। गढ़ी के अन्तर्गत अनेक मध्य काल के मन्दिर स्थित हैं, जिनमें शिखर का अभाव उल्लेखनीय है। इनकी छतों में कहीं-कहीं अपूर्व मूर्तिकारी दिखाई पड़ती है। सुरवाया ग्राम ही प्राचीन सरस्वतीपत्तन कहा जाता है। [22]

Monuments

  • Monastery
  • Siva Temple
  • Open Air Museum
  • Gadhi Surwaya

Survaya Inscription of Rana Adhigdev 1171 AD

  • Survaya Inscription of Rana Adhigdev 1171 AD
    Survaya Inscription of Rana Adhigdev 1171 AD
  • Survaya Inscription of Rana Adhigdev 1171 AD
    Survaya Inscription of Rana Adhigdev 1171 AD

Architectural Survey Of Kachchhapaghata Temples

Architectural Survey Of Kachchhapaghata Temples At Thoban, District Ashoknagar & Surwaya, Terahi, Mahua and Rannod, District Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh

In the year 2010-11 Ashoknagar and Shivpuri districts were intensively surveyed and many temples were studied.

This work was the second segment of the study of architectural survey on Kachchhapaghata temples of districts Ashoknagar and Shivpuri of Madhya Pradesh. The Kachchhapaghata rulers extended their role in Thoban, Terahi, Mahua, Rannod and Surwaya and constructed temples in their own style. However, some impact of Pratihara temple style is also seen in their temples.

The work was carried out in order to know the specific regional style, compare it with to its main central Indian temple art & architecture and its development. The temples of Kachchhapaghata dynasty are less known and not studied much by scholars hence temples have been studied in detail and brought to light new ones. The temples under study speak about the socio-cultural, and economic status of contemporary society particularly of this region. All temples have been systematically studied through documenting them by photographs and Auto-CAD drawing with plan and elevation, and describing them with their architectural and sculptural details. Along with temples, mathas, tanks, and baolis and other secular structures have also been brought to light during the survey.

In the course of exploration total 46 temples of Kachchhapaghata period have been documented. The table below gives statistical data on these temples:

  • Kuti Extension, Village - Thoban, District - Ashoknagar ...4 No’s of Temples
  • Village Thoban Area, District - Ashoknagar... 5 No’s of Temples
  • Gargaj Area, Village - Thoban, District - Ashoknagar...11 No’s of Temples
  • Sitamarhi Complex, Village - Thoban, District - Asoknagar...14 No’s of Temples
  • Total ...46

Source - Temple Survey Project Northern Region Bhopal

Notable persons

External links

References

  1. ↑ https://shivpuri.nic.in/en/tourist-place/survaya-garhi/
  2. ↑ 'Development of tourism in Shivpuri district for empowering of employment opportunities' Authors - Pramod Kumar Singh, Anurag Singh Parihar and Sachin Kumar Singh
  3. ↑ Epigraphia Indica, Vol. I. pp. 351-360
  4. ↑ Misra, R N (1993). The Saivite Monasteries, Pontiffs and Patronage in Central India published in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bombay vol. 64-66. p. 108
  5. ↑ Misra, R N (1997). Pontiffs’ Empowerment in Central Indian Saivite Movement published in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bombay vol 72. p. 72
  6. ↑ Cunningham, Alexander (1872). Four Reports made during the Years 1862-63-64-65, Vol. II. Archaeological Survey of India. p. 316
  7. ↑ Archaeology – Progress Report of the Archaeological Survey of India Western Circle for the Year ending 31st March 1916. p. 11
  8. ↑ Annual Administration Report of the Archaeological Department, Gwalior State for year Samvat 1984, Year 1927-28. p. 5
  9. ↑ Garde, M B (1934). Archaeology in Gwalior. Alijah Darbar Press. Gwalior. pp. 126-128
  10. ↑ Garde, M B (1918). A Guide to Surwaya. The Archaeological Department. Gwalior.
  11. ↑ Sears, Tamara (2009). Fortified Mathas and Fortress Mosques: The Transformation and Reuse of Hindu Monastic Sites in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries published in Archives of Asian Art, Vol. 59. p. 8
  12. ↑ 18
  13. ↑ Deva, Krishna (1995). Temples of India. Aryan Books International. New Delhi. ISBN 8173050546. p. 168
  14. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum vol. VII part III. pp. 591-594
  15. ↑ Willis, Micheal (1996). Inscriptions of Gopaksetra. British Museum Press. London. ISBN 0714114758. pp. 19-20 | Indian Antiquary vol. XXII. p. 82
  16. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum vol. VII part III. pp. 596-599
  17. ↑ Willis, Micheal (1996). Inscriptions of Gopaksetra. British Museum Press. London. ISBN 0714114758. p. 57
  18. ↑ Willis, Micheal (1996). Inscriptions of Gopaksetra. British Museum Press. London. ISBN 0714114758. p. 61
  19. ↑ Willis, Micheal (1996). Inscriptions of Gopaksetra. British Museum Press. London. ISBN 0714114758. p. 121
  20. ↑ https://shivpuri.nic.in/en/tourist-place/survaya-garhi/
  21. ↑ शिवपुरी है भारत की नायाब और बहुत ही खूबसूरत धरोहर, जागरण, 21.10.2018
  22. ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.942
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